Open networks can connect an infinite number of users – allowing them to interact in ways that serve them best. This is possible because such networks do not have a central intermediary but are decentralised. So, open networks:

• Restore the agency of users to access and choose from multiple options
• Lower barriers to entry and allow more and more actors to join
• Foster an environment where innovation thrives

Open networks are catalysed by protocols. Much like hand gestures, protocols are like a universal language, transcending borders and cultures. Protocols codify the language of transactions – connecting many platforms and enabling them to communicate with each other. Thus, catalysing open networks and making it easy for platforms to join and realise more value-creation opportunities.